A multi‐stage stochastic programming approach for network capacity expansion with multiple sources of capacity

In networks, there are often more than one sources of capacity. The capacities can be permanently or temporarily owned by the decision maker. Depending on the nature of sources, we identify the permanent capacity, spot market capacity, and contract capacity. We use a scenario tree to model the uncertainty, and build a multi‐stage stochastic integer program that can incorporate multiple sources and multiple types of capacities in a general network. We propose two solution methodologies for the problem. Firstly, we design an asymptotically convergent approximation algorithm. Secondly, we design a cutting plane algorithm based on Benders decomposition to find tight bounds for the problem. The numerical experiments show superb performance of the proposed algorithms compared with commercial software. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 600–614, 2017     

有限维修能力下多级保障系统装备时变可用度评估及保障方案优化

备件库存和站点维修能力是影响备件维修周转的重要因素，制约装备使用效果。针对备件需求随任务阶段动态变化的装备保障方案评估和优化问题，考虑站点维修能力对备件维修过程的影响，结合METRIC建模方法和动态排队理论，建立了有限维修能力下多级保障系统装备时变可用度评估模型。在评估模型基础之上，以保障费用为优化目标，装备可用度为约束条件，建立了任务期内多级保障系统保障方案优化模型。以任务期内的最低可用度所对应的备件短缺数为观测值，分析了各项资源的边际效益值，采用边际优化算法对各项资源进行优化计算。算例分析表明，评估模型能够计算多级保障系统任务期内各阶段装备可用度；保障方案优化模型和方法能够得到各项保障资源的优化配置方案。提出的模型和优化方法能够为装备保障人员制定合理的保障方案提供决策支持。     

微分对策界栅理论在舰艇作战能力评估中的应用

作战能力是表征战斗舰艇战术技术性能的一项重要指标,如何正确评价舰艇的作战能力一直是军事运筹研究的热点.利用定性微分对策的界栅理论研究了一类作战问题,通过构造捕获区面积和咽喉区域面积,并以此作为动态评估舰艇作战能力的衡量指标.研究结果可为综合评价舰艇作战能力提供一条新途径.     

消防部队抢险救援战斗力评估

以消防部队参与抢险救援战斗实例引出消防抢险救援战斗力的评估问题，并对评估的意义从组织指挥、消防员的安全、特勤队伍的发展角度进行了论述，重点剖析了影响战斗力评估的人员、装备、自然、组织等因素，对评估的组织从专家组成和制度建设两个方面提出了具体的建议。     

增强科技素养，提高打赢能力

增强高级指挥员的科技认知力、创新力、运用力是科技强军的必然要求。本文从战争演变、融合发展、应对威胁切入,对高级指挥员如何提升科技认知力层次、增强科技创新力效能、提高科技运用力水平谈了几点初步思考。     

Short‐term capacity allocation problem with tool and setup constraints

We consider a short‐term capacity allocation problem with tool and setup constraints that arises in the context of operational planning in a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility. The problem is that of allocating the available capacity of parallel nonidentical machines to available work‐in‐process (WIP) inventory of operations. Each machine can process a subset of the operations and a tool setup is required on a machine to change processing from one operation to another. Both the number of tools available for an operation and the number of setups that can be performed on a machine during a specified time horizon are limited. We formulate this problem as a degree‐constrained network flow problem on a bipartite graph, show that the problem is NP‐hard, and propose constant factor approximation algorithms. We also develop constructive heuristics and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure for the problem. Our computational experiments demonstrate that our solution procedures solve the problem efficiently, rendering the use of our algorithms in real environment feasible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

A continuous‐time strategic capacity planning model

Capacity planning decisions affect a significant portion of future revenue. In the semiconductor industry, they need to be made in the presence of both highly volatile demand and long capacity installation lead‐times. In contrast to traditional discrete‐time models, we present a continuous‐time stochastic programming model for multiple resource types and product families. We show how this approach can solve capacity planning problems of reasonable size and complexity with provable efficiency. This is achieved by an application of the divide‐and‐conquer algorithm, convexity, submodularity, and the open‐pit mining problem. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

Excess capacity in weapons production: An empirical analysis∗ †

This paper analyzes a set of observations by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) on individual weapons systems regarding whether large amounts of excess capacity exist and whether short run average cost (SRAC) appears to be severely decreasing. It is shown that the amount of excess capacity and steepness of SRAC are essentially independent of output rate. It is then argued that this suggests that production is occurring in inefficiently large plants—i.e.—off the long run cost curve.     

基于实战化条件下人民防空装备体系管理能力建设

基于实战化条件下人民防空装备体系管理能力建设应着眼国家安全利益拓展,人民防空转型建设需求和完成多样化任务需要,强化顶层设计,搞好储备,坚持信息主导,着眼＂能打仗、打胜仗＂,坚持＂战斗力这个唯一的根本的标准＂,建设与发展相适应的人民防空装备体系管理能力。